Abstract

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent attacks of inflammation in predominantly serosal and synovial membranes, is caused by MEFV gene mutations resulting in abnormal pyrin. Protracted febrile myalgia syndrome (PFMS), a kind of vasculitis requaring corticosteroid treatment, is associated with M694V mutation of MEFV gene. Patients with FMF are susceptible to certain antigens, some of which cause mild stimulation of immune response leading to typical FMF attack. Here we report a case where the patient developed PFMS with FMF concurrently at the time of atypical pneumoniae secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated cytokine release may be a predisposing factor or trigger for FMF and we aimed to discuss the possible mechanisms of simultaneous M.pneumonia infection and FMF-associated PFMS.